"монастырь" meaning in All languages combined

See монастырь on Wiktionary

Noun [Russian]

IPA: [mənɐˈstɨrʲ] Audio: Ru-монастырь.ogg
Rhymes: -ɨrʲ Etymology: Ultimately from Ancient Greek μοναστήριον (monastḗrion), converged with words ending with "-ырь" (cf. пустырь). Etymology templates: {{der|ru|grc|μοναστήριον}} Ancient Greek μοναστήριον (monastḗrion) Head templates: {{ru-noun+|b|монасты́рь|m|adj=монасты́рский}} монасты́рь • (monastýrʹ) m inan (genitive монастыря́, nominative plural монастыри́, genitive plural монастыре́й, relational adjective монасты́рский) Forms: монасты́рь [canonical], monastýrʹ [romanization], монастыря́ [genitive], монастыри́ [nominative, plural], монастыре́й [genitive, plural], монасты́рский [adjective, relational], no-table-tags [table-tags], монасты́рь [nominative, singular], монастыри́ [nominative, plural], монастыря́ [genitive, singular], монастыре́й [genitive, plural], монастырю́ [dative, singular], монастыря́м [dative, plural], монасты́рь [accusative, singular], монастыри́ [accusative, plural], монастырём [instrumental, singular], монастыря́ми [instrumental, plural], монастыре́ [prepositional, singular], монастыря́х [plural, prepositional], no-table-tags [table-tags], монасты́рь [dated, nominative, singular], монастыри́ [dated, nominative, plural], монастыря́ [dated, genitive, singular], монастыре́й [dated, genitive, plural], монастырю́ [dated, dative, singular], монастыря́мъ [dated, dative, plural], монасты́рь [accusative, dated, singular], монастыри́ [accusative, dated, plural], монастырёмъ [dated, instrumental, singular], монастыря́ми [dated, instrumental, plural], монастырѣ́ [dated, prepositional, singular], монастыря́хъ [dated, plural, prepositional]
  1. monastery, convent Categories (topical): Buildings, Monasticism, Places of worship Hyponyms (monastery): ла́вра (lávra) Derived forms: в чужо́й монасты́рь со свои́м уста́вом не хо́дят (v čužój monastýrʹ so svoím ustávom ne xódjat) (english: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.), подвести́ под монасты́рь (podvestí pod monastýrʹ) (english: to get someone into trouble) Related terms: мона́х (monáx)
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "manasteri",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: manasteri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: manasteri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sms",
            "2": "manaster",
            "3": "manstar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Skolt Sami: manaster, manstar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Skolt Sami: manaster, manstar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "μοναστήριον"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μοναστήριον (monastḗrion)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Ancient Greek μοναστήριον (monastḗrion), converged with words ending with \"-ырь\" (cf. пустырь).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "монасты́рь",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "monastýrʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыри́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыре́й",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монасты́рский",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soft-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монасты́рь",
      "roman": "monastýrʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыри́",
      "roman": "monastyrí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́",
      "roman": "monastyrjá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыре́й",
      "roman": "monastyréj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастырю́",
      "roman": "monastyrjú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́м",
      "roman": "monastyrjám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монасты́рь",
      "roman": "monastýrʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыри́",
      "roman": "monastyrí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастырём",
      "roman": "monastyrjóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́ми",
      "roman": "monastyrjámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыре́",
      "roman": "monastyré",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́х",
      "roman": "monastyrjáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soft-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монасты́рь",
      "roman": "monastýrʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыри́",
      "roman": "monastyrí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́",
      "roman": "monastyrjá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыре́й",
      "roman": "monastyréj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастырю́",
      "roman": "monastyrjú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́мъ",
      "roman": "monastyrjám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монасты́рь",
      "roman": "monastýrʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыри́",
      "roman": "monastyrí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастырёмъ",
      "roman": "monastyrjóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́ми",
      "roman": "monastyrjámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастырѣ́",
      "roman": "monastyrě́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́хъ",
      "roman": "monastyrjáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "монасты́рь",
        "3": "m",
        "adj": "монасты́рский"
      },
      "expansion": "монасты́рь • (monastýrʹ) m inan (genitive монастыря́, nominative plural монастыри́, genitive plural монастыре́й, relational adjective монасты́рский)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Buildings",
          "orig": "ru:Buildings",
          "parents": [
            "Buildings and structures",
            "Architecture",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Monasticism",
          "orig": "ru:Monasticism",
          "parents": [
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Places of worship",
          "orig": "ru:Places of worship",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Buildings",
            "Religion",
            "Names",
            "Buildings and structures",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Architecture",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Lemmas",
            "Sciences"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "When in Rome, do as the Romans do.",
          "roman": "v čužój monastýrʹ so svoím ustávom ne xódjat",
          "word": "в чужо́й монасты́рь со свои́м уста́вом не хо́дят"
        },
        {
          "english": "to get someone into trouble",
          "roman": "podvestí pod monastýrʹ",
          "word": "подвести́ под монасты́рь"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "With such thoughts I reached Novgorod and looked at the multitude of monasteries which lay around it.",
          "ref": "1790, Александр Радищев, “Новгород”, in Путешествие из Петербурга в Москву; English translation from Leo Wiener, transl., A Journey From St. Petersburg to Moscow, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1958:",
          "roman": "V takovyx razmyšlenijax podʺjezžal ja k Novugorodu, smotrja na množestvo monastyrej, vokrug onovo ležaščix.",
          "text": "В таковых размышлениях подъезжал я к Новугороду, смотря на множество монастырей, вокруг оного лежащих.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "monastery, convent"
      ],
      "hyponyms": [
        {
          "roman": "lávra",
          "sense": "monastery",
          "word": "ла́вра"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-монастырь-ru-noun-ru:monastery",
      "links": [
        [
          "monastery",
          "monastery"
        ],
        [
          "convent",
          "convent"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "monáx",
          "word": "мона́х"
        }
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ru:monastery"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[mənɐˈstɨrʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-монастырь.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Ru-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Ru-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨrʲ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "монастырь"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "When in Rome, do as the Romans do.",
      "roman": "v čužój monastýrʹ so svoím ustávom ne xódjat",
      "word": "в чужо́й монасты́рь со свои́м уста́вом не хо́дят"
    },
    {
      "english": "to get someone into trouble",
      "roman": "podvestí pod monastýrʹ",
      "word": "подвести́ под монасты́рь"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "manasteri",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: manasteri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: manasteri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sms",
            "2": "manaster",
            "3": "manstar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Skolt Sami: manaster, manstar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Skolt Sami: manaster, manstar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "μοναστήριον"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μοναστήριον (monastḗrion)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Ancient Greek μοναστήριον (monastḗrion), converged with words ending with \"-ырь\" (cf. пустырь).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "монасты́рь",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "monastýrʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыри́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыре́й",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монасты́рский",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soft-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монасты́рь",
      "roman": "monastýrʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыри́",
      "roman": "monastyrí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́",
      "roman": "monastyrjá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыре́й",
      "roman": "monastyréj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастырю́",
      "roman": "monastyrjú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́м",
      "roman": "monastyrjám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монасты́рь",
      "roman": "monastýrʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыри́",
      "roman": "monastyrí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастырём",
      "roman": "monastyrjóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́ми",
      "roman": "monastyrjámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыре́",
      "roman": "monastyré",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́х",
      "roman": "monastyrjáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soft-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монасты́рь",
      "roman": "monastýrʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыри́",
      "roman": "monastyrí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́",
      "roman": "monastyrjá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыре́й",
      "roman": "monastyréj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастырю́",
      "roman": "monastyrjú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́мъ",
      "roman": "monastyrjám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монасты́рь",
      "roman": "monastýrʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыри́",
      "roman": "monastyrí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастырёмъ",
      "roman": "monastyrjóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́ми",
      "roman": "monastyrjámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастырѣ́",
      "roman": "monastyrě́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "монастыря́хъ",
      "roman": "monastyrjáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "монасты́рь",
        "3": "m",
        "adj": "монасты́рский"
      },
      "expansion": "монасты́рь • (monastýrʹ) m inan (genitive монастыря́, nominative plural монастыри́, genitive plural монастыре́й, relational adjective монасты́рский)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "roman": "lávra",
      "sense": "monastery",
      "word": "ла́вра"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "monáx",
      "word": "мона́х"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:Russian/ɨrʲ",
        "Rhymes:Russian/ɨrʲ/3 syllables",
        "Russian 3-syllable words",
        "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Russian inanimate nouns",
        "Russian lemmas",
        "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Russian masculine nouns",
        "Russian nouns",
        "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
        "Russian soft-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns",
        "Russian soft-stem masculine-form nouns",
        "Russian terms derived from Ancient Greek",
        "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Russian terms with quotations",
        "ru:Buildings",
        "ru:Monasticism",
        "ru:Places of worship"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "With such thoughts I reached Novgorod and looked at the multitude of monasteries which lay around it.",
          "ref": "1790, Александр Радищев, “Новгород”, in Путешествие из Петербурга в Москву; English translation from Leo Wiener, transl., A Journey From St. Petersburg to Moscow, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1958:",
          "roman": "V takovyx razmyšlenijax podʺjezžal ja k Novugorodu, smotrja na množestvo monastyrej, vokrug onovo ležaščix.",
          "text": "В таковых размышлениях подъезжал я к Новугороду, смотря на множество монастырей, вокруг оного лежащих.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "monastery, convent"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "monastery",
          "monastery"
        ],
        [
          "convent",
          "convent"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ru:monastery"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[mənɐˈstɨrʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-монастырь.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Ru-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Ru-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨrʲ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "монастырь"
}

Download raw JSONL data for монастырь meaning in All languages combined (7.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.